Cataracts: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment Options

Cataracts are a common eye condition, especially in older adults, where the normally clear lens of the eye becomes cloudy, leading to vision impairment. This cloudiness can gradually make it harder to see clearly, impacting daily activities like reading and driving, especially at night. Here’s a closer look at cataracts, including their causes, symptoms, and available treatments.

What Causes Cataracts?

Cataracts develop primarily due to aging, as proteins in the eye’s lens begin to break down and clump together, causing the lens to become cloudy. However, other factors can increase the risk:

• Age – Most people start developing cataracts after the age of 60.

• UV Exposure – Prolonged exposure to ultraviolet rays can contribute to cataract formation.

• Medical Conditions – Diabetes, for instance, raises the risk.

• Lifestyle Factors – Smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, and poor diet can also play a role.

• Injury or Trauma – Eye injuries or previous eye surgeries may lead to cataracts.

  
  

Symptoms of Cataracts

Symptoms typically develop gradually and may include:

• Blurred or cloudy vision

• Increased glare or halos around lights, especially at night

• Difficulty with vision in low light

• Colors appearing faded or yellowed

• Frequent changes in glasses or contact lens prescription

If you’re noticing these symptoms, it’s essential to consult an eye care professional for a comprehensive eye exam.

How Are Cataracts Diagnosed?

Cataracts are diagnosed during a thorough eye exam, which may include visual acuity tests, a slit-lamp exam to assess the eye’s internal structures, and a retinal exam. Detecting cataracts early can help determine the best time to pursue treatment.

Treatment

While early-stage cataracts may be managed with stronger lighting and updated eyewear, advanced cataracts that affect daily activities often require surgery:

• Cataract Surgery – The most effective treatment, cataract surgery involves removing the clouded lens and replacing it with a clear, artificial intraocular lens (IOL). Cataract surgery is a common, safe procedure with a high success rate and quick recovery time.

• Types of Intraocular Lenses (IOLs) – Patients can choose from various IOL options, including monofocal lenses for a single focus point (near or distance vision) or multifocal lenses to improve vision at multiple distances.

Prevention

While aging is inevitable, certain lifestyle adjustments can help delay cataract development:

• Wear Sunglasses – UV-protective lenses can minimize UV exposure.

• Healthy Diet – Foods rich in antioxidants, such as leafy greens, may protect eye health.

• Quit Smoking – Smoking has been linked to a faster progression of cataracts.

  
  

Cataracts are highly treatable and should not be ignored. Regular eye exams, especially as you age, can help detect cataracts early, ensuring you maintain clear vision and quality of life. If you’re experiencing any of the symptoms of cataracts, consult an optometrist or ophthalmologist to discuss treatment options.